With respect to immunopathogenic effects of IL-1 family members during invasive pulmonary aspergillusis (IPA), both lung homogenates and alveolar macrophages derived from Dectin-1 KO mice demonstrated reduced IL-1α/IL-1β and TNF, MIP, and KC in vitro (134), suggesting that IL-1α and IL-1β production is derived from Dectin-1 signaling. This evidence concerns the gene CALCA and Ito hypomelanosis.