As already discussed, the succinate receptor SUCNR1/GPR91 is known to play a role in several diseases including diabetic retinopathy (108), diabetic renal disease (114), hypertension (113, 115), atherothrombosis (116), neuroinflammation (111), rheumatoid arthritis (114), and metabolic dysfunctions (174). This evidence concerns the gene SUCNR1 and diabetic retinopathy.