CLCA1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Clinically, CLCA1 has been associated with innate airway immune response, airway inflammation (Long et al., 2006; Zhang and He, 2010), asthma (Hoshino et al., 2002; Mei et al., 2013), and COPD (Hauber et al., 2005; Hegab et al., 2007).