HSPA5 and Parkinson disease: There were significant increase in the levels of Grp78 mRNA transcripts in all regions of the brain in PD patients compared to control subjects (caudate, P = 0.0015; prefrontal cortex, P = 0.0025; cingulate gyrus, P = 0.0007; parietal cortex, P = 0.0047; Figure 2A and Table 3).