Indeed, changes in the expression of GRP78 protein and other UPR activation markers (p-PERK and p-eIF2α) have been observed in the brain of PD patients (Hoozemans et al., 2007; Selvaraj et al., 2012; Baek et al., 2016; Mercado et al., 2018). This evidence concerns the gene EIF2AK3 and Parkinson disease.