Although TGF-β is a well-known inducer of complete EMT, strongly inhibiting E-cad expression (Thiery et al, 2009), treatment with this cytokine reportedly up-regulates E-cad expression in human colorectal cancer cell organoids and epithelial Langerhans cells in culture (Riedl et al, 2000; Calon et al, 2015). This evidence concerns the gene CDH1 and colorectal cancer.