We compared the mutation frequencies for the 54 genes in the 122 r/r AML patients with those reported for treatment-naïve AML (tn-AML) in the TCGA [3] and found significant differences at ASXL1, FLT3 (-ITD), DNMT3A, and NPM1 gene by the Bonferroni correction (p < 0.0026 to be significant after the Bonferroni adjustment of a major 19 genes comparison) (Additional file 7: Table S7). This evidence concerns the gene NPM1 and acute myeloid leukemia.