In this study, we found an opposite change between NS5ATP9 and fibrosis-related factors (collagen 3α1, α-SMA, fibronectin) in TGF-β1-induced HFL1 cells, suggesting that NS5ATP9 protects against the pathogenesis and progression of pulmonary fibrosis. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is pulmonary fibrosis.