Many of later studies have corroborated the positive role of AMPK in angiogenesis or protective effects on endothelial cells under such circumstances as hypoxia, ischemia, stroke, and oxidative stress, and in response to cytokines and pharmacological agents such as AICAR, metformin and statins [34,43,44,45,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69]. This evidence concerns the gene PRKAA1 and Stroke.