With respect to previous reports demonstrating anti-microglia-related neuroinflammatory effects of roscovitine in various harmful conditions, such as brain trauma, tissue graft and ischemia [13,14,42], our findings propose that inhibition of the association between CDK5 and the p38 MAPK signaling pathway may present a potential therapeutic target for diminishing neuroinflammatory responses. The gene discussed is CDK5; the disease is ischemia.