Leelamine treatment of prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP (an androgen-responsive cell line), C4-2B (an androgen-insensitive variant of LNCaP), and 22Rv1 (a CRPC cell line that express AR-Vs), and a murine prostate cancer cell line, Myc-CaP, led to decreased mitotic activity and prostate-specific antigen expression, in addition to apoptosis induction that caused cell death [50]. This evidence concerns the gene AR and prostate carcinoma.