GAPDH and neoplasm: In line with Warburg’s hypothesis, reports have shown that the β-catalytic subunit of H+-adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase is downregulated in renal and colon carcinomas along with the upregulation of glycolytic glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH); the metabolic phenotype in these cells is considered a tumor progression marker with prognostic value for early-stage patients [16].