TGFBR2 and prostate carcinoma: After intratibial or intracardiac inoculation of prostate cancer cells, knockout of TGFBR2 in osteoblasts promoted bone lesion formation and knockout of TGFBR2 in osteoclasts inhibited bone lesion formation [148] Using a cytokine array, the authors identified basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as the most upregulated growth factor in tibias from in osteoblasts from TGFBR2 knockout mice inoculated with prostate cancer cells, and was further found in osteoblasts to be the mediator of the prostate cancer growth [148].