Specific blockade of the PD-L1:B7-1 interaction preferably induced diabetes in older (13 weeks old) as compared to younger (6–7 weeks old) NOD mice, while the blockade of both PD-L1: PD-1 and PD-L1:B7-1 interactions rapidly induced diabetes in mice of both ages (85). Here, CD274 is linked to diabetes mellitus.