Activation of PIP3 can then further activate Akt (Akt activation occurs in ~ 59% PDAC samples 101) and additional downstream targets such as Bcl‐2, Mdm2, GSK3beta, NF‐kappaB and mTOR 97, 102, ultimately promoting cancer cell survival, growth, and motility and inhibiting apoptosis 97, 100, 103, 104. This evidence concerns the gene MTOR and cancer.