INS and diabetes mellitus: It is known that wound healing deficits in diabetes are varied and inter-related and the defect is associated with impaired blood flow and oxygen release from increased blood sugar, decreased collagen and fibronectin synthesis from protein malnutrition, impaired local immune and cell defenses, and reduced anabolic activity with reduced insulin and growth hormone and that hyperglycemia affects neutrophil function which includes migration, chemotaxis, adherence, and phagocytic and bactericidal activity [56].