The current study aimed to profile and compare SCN neurons, especially the ones producing AVP, VIP and NT, as well as the astroglial cells (using glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP, as a marker) and microglia (using ionised calcium-binding adapter molecule 1, IBA1, as a marker) in control and type 2 diabetic individuals. This evidence concerns the gene VIP and type 2 diabetes mellitus.