The anti-obesity effects of BBR have been attributed to its inhibition of adipocyte differentiation, which is primarily caused by the reduced expression of important regulatory adipogenic transcription factors, enzymes and receptors, such as (i) sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs)11–13, (ii) fatty acid synthase (FAS)11,12, (iii) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ)12,14, and (iv) CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs)14. The gene discussed is PPARG; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.