On the other hand, Ras signaling molecules such as FGFR2, PLA2G2A and PLA2G5 have been shown to be involved in vascular remodeling, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH)50–52. The gene discussed is FGFR2; the disease is chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.