BCL2L1 and liver disorder: In summary, our structural and functional analyses of the HBx-BH3-like domain in complex with Bcl-xL reveal the molecular principles of HBx-mediated HBV replication and transcription and provide much-needed structural insights to guide development of small chemical compounds and peptidomimetics that can target the Bcl-xL/HBx interaction to inhibit HBV replication and transcription and to treat HBV-induced liver diseases.