It is important to note that ASCL1 and NEUROD1 have been reported to be overexpressed in ~70% and ~10–20% of the SCLC cases, respectively1,11,30,31,43 ASCL1 is required to establish the lineage of pulmonary NE cells and is necessary for the continued survival of SCLCs and NE-NSCLC in cell cultures. This evidence concerns the gene ASCL1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.