FST and gestational diabetes: Despite the difficulties in risk prediction of GDM due to by these dynamic changes, efforts have been made to develop risk prediction models for GDM incorporating factors such as maternal age, ethnicity, BMI [15], family history of diabetes, personal history of GDM, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), vitamin D3, macrosomia and chronic hypertension, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, placental protein 13, pentraxin 3, myostatin, follistatin, and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 [15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21].