The interaction between human IFN-γ and murine IFN-γ receptors may induce the activation of endogenous immune cells and secretion of immunostimulatory factors, ultimately resulting in inhibition of TGF-β expression in the tumor microenvironment [84,85] Surprisingly, we observed TGF-β expression was also decreased in the tumor following administration of gemcitabine. Here, IFNG is linked to neoplasm.