On the other hand, never smokers harbor a low burden of mutation and immunosuppressive feature, quite possibly a contributing factor in naive CD4+ T cells’ differentiation into immunosuppressive CD4+ Treg [34], which back our findings of naïve CD4+ T cells’ unfavorable prognostic value in never smokers with NSCLC. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.