Antagonism of IL-23p19 is associated with decreases in both M1 and M2 macrophages, which suggests that the higher M2/M1 macrophage ratio observed in late-stage elastase-induced AAA likely represents an effort to control and repair the aortic wall ECM in response to the pro-inflammatory activities exerted by expansion of M1 macrophages. This evidence concerns the gene IL23A and triple-A syndrome.