A study by Gius established that at an early stage of infection, HPV alters the cellular immune system IL receptor 1 (IFNAR1), epithelial membrane protein 1 (EMP1), and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) genes, suggesting that at early stage of HPV infection, the virus alters the expression of these genes so as to evade the host immune system and permits the progression of the infected cells towards becoming cancerous [19]. The gene discussed is IL1RN; the disease is infection.