Furthermore, we stratified the subjects with or without MetS into the following four groups based on cystatin C levels: low cystatin C/MetS (-) (n = 160), low cystatin C/MetS (+) (n = 51), high cystatin C/MetS (-) (n = 128), and high cystatin C/MetS (+) (n = 83). This evidence concerns the gene CST3 and metabolic syndrome.