ACE and Autoimmunity: These include genes associated with general autoimmunity such as certain human leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles, together with more specific ones that may influence how the vascular system responds to an insult, for example; endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), interleukin 18 (IL18), chemokine monocyte protein chemoattractant protein (MCP), and transforming growth factor (TGF) (12).