ACHE and Cognitive impairment: Cow's milk fermented with Lactobacillus has attenuated LPS-induced memory deficit by increasing antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH, and GPx) and by decreasing MDA, AChE, and proinflammatory cytokines in mice [35]. Lactobacillus helveticus could improve behavioral and cognitive impairments [36], and decreases in populations of these bacteria are correlated with AD pathology.