CX3CR1 and multiple sclerosis: In conclusion, because CX3CR1 deficiency promotes neuroinflammation induced by neurotrophic viruses such as JEV and WNV infection following peripheral inoculation, CX3CR1 inhibition should be carefully considered when treating sterile inflammation in diseases such as multiple sclerosis (63), atopic dermatitis (89), and glomerulonephritis (38).