Moreover, in vitro studies have indicated that immunosuppressive gene transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-modified DCs can produce exosomes to attenuate Th17-mediated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced IBD by inducing regulatory T cells (mainly CD4+Foxp3+Tregs) from mesenteric lymph nodes of the inflammatory site (20). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.