TARDBP and frontotemporal dementia: A meta-analysis of 18 journal articles on the risk of neurodegeneration after TBI found that TBI is a risk factor for development of dementia (odds ratio (OR) of 1.93), TDP-43-associated diseases (OR of 4.44), and FTD (OR of 2.97), showing an association between TBI, TDP-43, and FTD (50).