We found that studies that used in vitro measures of GR function and/or GR expression to measure glucocorticoid resistance delivered the largest aggregate effect size [d = 1.35; 95% CI (0.53, 2.18)], but this must be balanced against the observation that we did not detect an obvious positive association between glucocorticoid resistance and cytokine production in that analysis. This evidence concerns the gene NR3C1 and glucocorticoid resistance.