One study showed increased serpinA3 staining in the proximal renal tubules in biopsies from a variety of primary and secondary glomerulonephritis, such as minimal-change disease (MCD), FSGS, diffuse mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MeGN), membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN), diabetic nephropathy, IgA nephritis and LN compared to normal renal tissues31. Here, SERPINA3 is linked to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.