NOD2 and neoplasm: Given that MIS416 signals through NOD-2 and TLR9, and has been previously shown to induce DC maturation, production of inflammatory cytokines, and antigen cross-presentation, leading to expansion of antigen-specific T cells when delivered along with target antigen [29], we reasoned that MIS416 Vax would elicit a potent OVA-specific T cell response, leading to anti-tumor immunity.