MAOA and alcohol dependence: In addition to the effect of MAOA on aggressive and antisocial behaviors, other behaviors have been tested for association with MAOA in order to provide a more comprehensive perspective on MAOA functioning and to better understand the behaviors impacted by MAOA. For instance, MAOA-L variants have been found at slightly higher frequencies in alcoholics (both male and female) with antisocial personality disorder compared to alcoholics with anxiety and depression, suggesting that MAOA variation may contribute to over- vs under-reactive behaviors in the development of alcoholism [26].