In contrast, others report an increase in cortical and hippocampal Ngf mRNA and protein in end-stage AD, where volume loss could lead to increased concentrations of NGF per weight or volume (Crutcher et al., 1993; Jette et al., 1994; Scott et al., 1995; Fahnestock et al., 1996; Narisawa-Saito et al., 1996; Hellweg et al., 1998; Hock et al., 2000) or the translation from Ngf to encoded NGF protein may be compromised or expression levels differ between AD cases. The gene discussed is NGF; the disease is Alzheimer disease.