MMP9 and neoplasm: We observed significant associations between high levels of MMP-1 (OR, 4.21; 95% CI 1.86–9.54), MMP-2 (OR, 11.18; 95% CI 4.26–29.30), MMP-9 (OR, 10.41, 95% CI 4.26–25.47), and VEGF (OR, 8.09; 95% CI 4.03–16.20) with tumor invasion; high levels of MMP-1 (OR, 3.58; 95% CI 1.48–8.71), MMP-2 (OR, 2.96; 95% CI 1.32–6.64), MMP-9 (OR, 5.49; 95% CI 3.55–8.48) and VEGF (OR, 5.30; 95% CI 2.93–9.60) with poor differentiation; and overexpression of MMP-9 (OR, 5.17; 95% CI 2.85–9.38) with advanced clinical stages.