A panel of 17 genes were differentials in PNI+ or ALI+ as compared to the negative patients (p<0.05) (S6A File); SMURF1 (SMAD Specific E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase 1) (Fig 3G) was significantly altered in PNI+ patients and a panel of 3 genes were significantly altered in ALI+ patients (FC>±2; p<0.05) (Table 1; Fig 3H). This evidence concerns the gene SMURF1 and acute respiratory distress syndrome.