Target genes of focal gains and losses in MSS tumors were found in 25 and 37 chromosomal regions, respectively (GISTIC; q < 0.25; Supplementary Table 1), and included a wide range of cancer-critical genes (Cosmic Cancer Gene Census), such as gain of ERBB2, FGFR1, FLT3, CCND2, ERC1 and CDX2, and loss of SMAD4, FAS, PTEN and APC. This evidence concerns the gene ERC1 and Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome.