SMAD4 and cancer: Target genes of focal gains and losses in MSS tumors were found in 25 and 37 chromosomal regions, respectively (GISTIC; q < 0.25; Supplementary Table 1), and included a wide range of cancer-critical genes (Cosmic Cancer Gene Census), such as gain of ERBB2, FGFR1, FLT3, CCND2, ERC1 and CDX2, and loss of SMAD4, FAS, PTEN and APC.