Amino acids or their downstream metabolites (except for serine and 3-aminoisobutyrate), carbohydrates and other metabolites mentioned in Table 1 (except for 3-hydroxubuturate) were associated with an increase in insulin resistance (a decrease in Matsuda ISI), and a majority of these metabolites were also associated with increases in BMI and ALT (Supplementary Tables S6 and S7). Here, GPT is linked to Insulin resistance.