Variants of the genes that encode proteins in the lipogenesis pathway have been associated with NAFLD and NASH, including a missense variant rs738409 in the patatin like phospholipase 3 (PNPLA3)30 and rs58542926 in the transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) genes31. Here, PNPLA3 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.