Moreover, treatment of A549 or HCC827 cells with the p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, considerably reversed penfluridol-induced CHOP and LC3B-II expressions, but did not reverse penfluridol-induced PERK and IRE1α (Fig. 6e), suggesting that p38 MAPK participates in the penfluridol-induced UPR and autophagosomes accumulation in NSCLC cells. This evidence concerns the gene ERN1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.