Colour codes for the data columns: Subject—white: healthy subjects; each colour represents one subject with SLE; interferon (IFN) score—darker green means higher IFN score; systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) score—red: SLEDAI ≥10; pink: SLEDAI 3 to 6; white: SLEDAI 0 to 2; prednisone—dark blue: 20 mg/day; light blue: less than 10 mg/day; white: no prednisone. Here, IFNA1 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.