APOE and Alzheimer disease: Concerning cognitive decline, despite poor positive results of PUFA dietary supplementation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients, RCTs using DHA supplementation in subjects carrying the apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE4) allele, a risk factor for AD, reveal an improvement of pre-dementia.64 Overall, discrepancies in clinical studies strongly support the need for preclinical studies aimed at depicting the mechanisms of omega-3 PUFA on brain dysfunctions, which should help to better target populations at risk of cognitive and mood disorders.