PVT1 and cancer: Upregulation of PVT1 in cancerous tissue has been flagged as an important player in the tumorigenesis of cancers including that of clear cell renal cell carcinoma [20], esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [21] and osteosarcoma [22], among which PVT1 knockdown or silencing was reported to exert a suppressive effect on the processes of proliferation, migration, and tumor growth.