MYD88 and hepatocellular carcinoma: As an adaptor to relay signals from Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) to intracellular molecules, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) plays an important role in both innate immune response and carcinogenesis.14, 15 Its implication in HCC was first demonstrated in mice lacking MyD88, which developed fewer tumors than the wild-type littermates following treatment with the carcinogen diethylnitrosamine (DEN).16