IL4 and Sepsis: In this study, we discovered that upregulated plasma lncRNA MALAT1 expression correlated with higher sepsis risk, and worse disease condition, increased inflammation level, and poorer prognosis in sepsis patients, which could be explained by that lncRNA MALAT1 might promote the development and progression of sepsis through (a) enhancing inflammation via mediating multiple signaling pathways or proteins, such as regulating the IL‐4 expression and (b) advocating the organ dysfunction by regulating various pathways, for instance the p38 MAPK/p65 NF‐κB signaling pathway.14, 23, 24, 25