The GFAP area fraction was significantly increased in the ischemia-48 h hypothermia and ischemia-slow rewarming groups compared to the ischemia-normothermia group, while an intermediate effect was seen in the ischemia-72 h hypothermia group, which was not significantly different to sham control or ischemia-normothermia. The gene discussed is GFAP; the disease is ischemia.