As shown in Fig. 4, the sPD-1 level was found to be significantly higher in plasma samples from patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), ovarian cancer (OVC), Multiple Myeloma (MM), and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) than that detected in healthy donors. This evidence concerns the gene HOXD13 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.