Mean YKL-40 concentrations were higher in neurodegenerative dementias compared to HC (84 ng/mL) and ND (95 ng/mL), with highest concentrations detected in CJD (189 ng/mL), followed by LBD (167 ng/mL), VaD (140 ng/mL), AD (133 ng/mL) and FTD (125 ng/mL) (Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene CHI3L1 and Alzheimer disease.