SMAD4 and posterior cortical atrophy: In conclusion, the aforementioned findings provided evidence that miR‐539 could result in the suppression of cell migration, invasion, migration and EMT in PCa by inactivating the TGF‐β/Smad4 signalling pathway through the direct down‐regulation of DLX1 (Figure 11), which provides new insights for future study of PCa treatment.